Fire Engineering Technology

How Clean Agent Fire Suppression Systems Work:

A clean agent fire suppression system detects a fire through a fire detection network (typically smoke, heat, or flame detectors), and upon detection, it releases a clean agent into the protected space. The clean agent works by interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire, reducing the heat, or removing oxygen, and in doing so, extinguishing the fire.

Here’s a simplified breakdown of how it operates:

1. Fire Detection:

   • The system uses a combination of heat, smoke, or flame detectors to monitor for signs of a fire in the protected area.

2. Signal Processing:

   • When the fire detection system detects a fire, it sends a signal to the control panel to activate the suppression system.

3. Agent Release:

   • The control panel activates the release of the clean agent from its stored cylinder into the protected area. The agent is typically discharged in a gas form to avoid physical damage to equipment.

4. Fire Suppression:

   • Once released, the clean agent works to interfere with the combustion process by lowering the temperature, reducing oxygen levels, or chemically disrupting the reaction that sustains the fire.

5. Post-Activation:

   • After the suppression, the clean agent dissipates, and the area is left unaffected, without residue, moisture, or damage.

Common Types of Clean Agents:

 

1. FM-200 (Hydrofluorocarbon-227ea):

   • FM-200 is one of the most widely used clean agents. It is a fast-acting, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly gas that works by absorbing heat and reducing the temperature around the fire.

   • FM-200 has a low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and a zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), making it a better alternative to older agents like Halon.

2. Novec 1230 (FK-5-1-12):

   • Novec 1230 is a fluoroketone clean agent manufactured by 3M. It is a colorless, odorless, and non-toxic agent that suppresses fires by chemically interrupting the combustion process.

   • It is environmentally friendly, with a very low GWP and zero ODP, making it a sustainable choice for clean agent fire suppression.

3. CO2 (Carbon Dioxide):

   • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is another common clean agent used for fire suppression. CO2 works by displacing oxygen in the protected area, reducing the oxygen levels to the point where the fire cannot sustain itself.

   • While effective in suppressing fire, CO2 is not safe for occupied spaces unless the area is evacuated before discharge, as it can lead to suffocation in high concentrations.

4. Inergen:

   • Inergen is a blend of gases (nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide) that reduces the oxygen content in the protected area. Inergen is often used in areas that need a natural fire suppression solution.

   • It is safe for occupied spaces and is often chosen for use in places like data centers or turbine rooms.

5. Halon 1301 (No Longer in Widespread Use):

   • Halon 1301 was once the standard clean agent for fire suppression, but its use has been phased out due to its negative environmental impact, particularly its ozone-depleting properties.

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Stand alone fire suppression system is perhaps a bit of a misnomer, since this term refers to�individual devices that contain fire suppression mechanisms that are not linked to a bigger system

Stand alone fire suppression system is perhaps a bit of a misnomer, since this term refers to�individual devices that contain fire suppression mechanisms that are not linked to a bigger system

Firetrace is an innovative and unique product that is the first stand alone fire suppression solution for electrical cabinets. It is a low-cost, easy-to-install, no-maintenance fire protection solution that is designed to protect enclosures as large as 35 cubic feet.

• Stand alone fire suppression system is perhaps a bit of a misnomer, since this term refers to individual devices that contain fire suppression mechanisms that are not linked to a bigger system. For example, FlexRope by Firetrace is an innovative and unique product that is the first stand alone fire suppression solution for electrical cabinets.

The system typically consists of the agent, agent storage containers, agent release valves, fire detectors, fire detection system (wiring control panel, actuation signaling), agent delivery piping, and agent dispersion nozzles. Less typically, the agent may be delivered by means of solid propellant gas generators that produce either inert or chemically active gas.

An ILP valve-based Kitchen Fire Suppression System is a specialized fire suppression system designed for commercial kitchens, where the risk of fire is high due to the presence of cooking equipment like stoves, fryers, and grills. The system uses a specific type of valve, called an ILP (In-Line Pressure) valve, to control the flow of fire suppression agents in response to a fire. Here’s a breakdown of how it works:

Key Components:

1. ILP Valve:

   • This is a critical component of the system that operates based on pressure. The ILP valve monitors pressure changes in the system and releases suppression agents when a fire is detected.

   • It acts as a "trigger" that ensures the fire suppression agent is released only when necessary, minimizing unnecessary discharges.

2. Detection System:

   • The detection system typically consists of heat detectors and/or flame sensors placed above the cooking surfaces. These sensors monitor temperature changes or the presence of flames, signaling to the valve that a fire is present.

3. Suppression Agent:

   • The suppression agent can be a wet chemical solution designed specifically for kitchen fires, particularly those caused by oils or fats. This wet chemical is used to suppress grease fires and prevent re-ignition.

4. Discharge Network:

   • The suppression agent is released through a network of pipes and nozzles that are strategically positioned to cover the cooking equipment and surrounding areas. The system ensures that the suppression agent reaches the exact location of the fire.

5. Manual Activation:

   • In some cases, the system allows for manual activation through a pull station, which enables staff to trigger the fire suppression system if the automatic detection fails or if an early warning is needed.

How It Works:

1. Detection of Fire:

   • When a fire or heat event occurs in the kitchen, the detection system senses the rise in temperature or flames above a certain threshold.

2. Signal to ILP Valve:

   • The detection system sends a signal to the ILP valve, which detects changes in system pressure. The valve then responds by opening or activating, allowing the suppression agent to flow into the discharge network.

3. Discharge of Suppression Agent:

   • The suppression agent (typically a wet chemical solution) is released through nozzles located above the cooking appliances. This agent cools the fire, creates a barrier to prevent oxygen from feeding the fire, and chemically reacts with the oil or fat to suppress the flames.

4. Post-Activation Process:

   • After activation, the system may continue monitoring the environment to ensure that the fire is fully extinguished and does not reignite.

Advantages of an ILP Valve-Based System:

1. Efficient Activation: The ILP valve ensures that the suppression agent is only released when necessary, preventing wastage of the chemical agent.

2. Pressure Monitoring: The valve-based system can monitor pressure levels, ensuring that the correct amount of agent is released.

3. Automatic and Manual Activation: The system can be triggered both automatically (through heat detection) and manually (by a pull station), offering versatility in fire response.

Applications:

• Commercial kitchens in restaurants, hotels, cafeterias, and food processing facilities.

• Locations where cooking with oils or fats is common, such as deep fryers and woks.

Stand alone fire suppression system is perhaps a bit of a misnomer, since this term refers to�individual devices that contain fire suppression mechanisms that are not linked to a bigger system

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Stand alone fire suppression system is perhaps a bit of a misnomer, since this term refers to�individual devices that contain fire suppression mechanisms that are not linked to a bigger system

Stand alone fire suppression system is perhaps a bit of a misnomer, since this term refers to�individual devices that contain fire suppression mechanisms that are not linked to a bigger system